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What the above shows is that elevation angles up to about 15 degrees give E hops, elevation angles between about 16 and 20 degrees can give ducting in the electron density valley above the E region peak in the nighttime ionosphere and elevation angles above 20 degrees give F hops. Of course these values may vary depending on where you are in the world and on geomagnetic field conditions. |
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ARRL Centennial K9LA - 160m Mastering the Challenge Arrival Direction of FT5ZM in NA on 160m - Rev C 160m Ducting and Spotlight Propagation_revA An Introduction to Operating on 160m Possible Precursor to Good 160m Propagation An Investigation of Antipodal Focusing on 160m NM7M The Big Gun's Guide to Low-Band Propagation This is a 15 Megabyte file. Thanks to Jan PA0SIM for scanning it.
The following are short discussions of very specific 160m issues Polarization Observations on 160-Meters Multi-Hop at Night on 160-Meters
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